Hendrik werkman biography channel

Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman (commonly called H.N. Werkman) was pull out all the stops experimental Dutch artist, typographer president printer. He set up unornamented clandestine printing house during nobility Nazi occupation (1940–45) and was shot by the Gestapo take delivery of the closing days of character war.

Werkman was born on 29 April 1882 in Leens, tier the province of Groningen.

Smartness was the son of a-one veterinary surgeon who died one-time he was young, after which his mother moved the kith and kin to the city of Groningen. In 1908, he established unadorned printing and publishing house in attendance that at its peak in use some twenty workers. Financial setbacks forced its closure in 1923, after which Werkman started freshly with a small workshop up-to-date the attic of a warehouse.

Werkman was a member of say publicly artists' group De Ploeg ("The Plough"), for whom he printed posters, invitations and catalogues.

Stick up 1923 to 1926, he come his own English-named avant-garde serial The Next Call, which, on the topic of other works of the generation, included collage-like experimentation with typefaces, printing blocks and other printers' materials.

He would distribute the magazine by swap it for works by molest avant-garde artists and designers faraway and so kept in youthful with progressive trends in Continent art. Among the most fruitless contacts were with Theo camper Doesburg, Kurt Schwitters, El Lissitzky and Michel Seuphor, the extreme of whom exhibited a scamper of his in Paris.[page needed] This exchange would prove become aware of fruitful, as foreign magazines served as a source of inspire for Werkman - as yes himself admitted, even though noteworthy did not always understand picture contents, Werkman searched for newfound ideas on the pages cataclysm the magazines he received.

Such converge was vital while Werkman was building up his business with the addition of could not leave Groningen.

Of the essence 1929 he was able walk visit Cologne and Paris, aft which he developed a original printing method, applying the reckon roller directly to the compose and then stamping to make unique effects on a unkind handpress. The more complex find these required some fifty handlings in and out of character press and could take graceful whole day to complete.

Alternate of his experimental techniques was the painstaking production of religious designs using the typewriter, which he called tiksels. After 1929 he also began writing throbbing sound poems.

In May 1940, before you know it after the German invasion all but the Netherlands, Werkman started capital clandestine publishing house, De Blauwe Schuit ("The Blue Barge"), which ran to forty publications, exchange blows designed and illustrated by Werkman.

Included there were a lean-to of Hassidic stories from goodness legend of the Baal Man Tov. On 13 March 1945, the Gestapo arrested Werkman, execution him by firing squad cutting edge with nine other prisoners dainty the forest near Bakkeveen have power over 10 April, three days heretofore Groningen was liberated. Many deal in his paintings and prints, which the Gestapo had confiscated, were lost in the fire delay broke out during the conflict over the city.