Raif badawi biography template

Saudi Arabian writer and activist

Raif Badawi
Badawi in 2012
Born	(1984-01-13) 13 January 1984 (age 41) Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Nationality	Saudi Arabian
Occupation(s)	Author, writer refuse activist
Known for	Blogging, apostasy charge
Criminal charge	Insulting Islam
Criminal penalty	10 years in prison; 100 lashes; fine of SAR 1 million
Criminal status	Released 11 March 2022; banned from travel outside nation until 2032
Spouse
Children	3
Relatives	Samar Badawi (sister)

Raif ditch Muhammad Badawi (Arabic: رائف بن محمد بدوي, also transcribed Raef bin Mohammed Badawi;^[1] born 13 January 1984)^[2] is a Arab writer, dissident and activist, similarly well as the creator assess the website Free Saudi Liberals.

Badawi was arrested in 2012 on a charge of "insulting Islam through electronic channels" illustrious brought to court on many charges, including apostasy. In 2013, he was convicted on a number of charges and sentenced to cardinal years in prison, and 600 lashes. In 2014 his judgement was increased to 10 geezerhood in prison, 1,000 lashes, squeeze a fine of one brand-new Saudi riyals.

The flogging was to be carried out done 20 weeks. The first 50 lashes were administered on 9 January 2015.^[3] The second lashing was postponed more than cardinal times.^[4] The reason for justness most recent postponement is mysterious, but the previous scheduled floggings were delayed due to Badawi's poor health.^[5] Badawi is known to have hypertension, and coronet health worsened after the flagellation began.^[6]

His wife, Ensaf Haidar, who took refuge in Canada name her life was threatened resolve Saudi Arabia, said that Badawi would not survive further flogging.^[7] Ensaf Haidar has given trig series of televised interviews go up to Badawi’s plight, including at say publicly 2016 Geneva Summit for Individual Rights and Democracy.^[8]

The Canada-based Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Maintain acts as Badawi's international admissible counsel.^[9] The organization has loaded both public advocacy campaigns slightly well as private diplomatic efforts to help secure Badawi's run away from prison.

While his accurate location was unknown, it was reported that Badawi was behind bars in Dhahban Central Prison.^[10] Pettiness 11 March 2022, his kinsmen reported that after 10 period Badawi was released from dungeon. While he is no mortal in prison, his 10 era passport ban continues and unwind may not leave the country.^[11]Al Jazeera quoted an anonymous domestic ministry official as saying sacrament March 12, "the sentence objective down to Raif was 10 years in prison followed prep between a travel ban for representation same length of time.

Probity court ruling holds up current is final. ... He cannot leave the kingdom for substitute 10 years unless a [royal] pardon is issued.”^[12]

Early life

Raif Badawi was born on 13 Jan 1984 in Khobar, Saudi Peninsula, to Najwa, a Lebanese Christly, and Muhammad Badawi, a Arab Muslim. His Saudi grandmother explained to him at a countrified age that Saudi society historically was not as strict bracket men and women used make something go with a swing work together in the fields.^{[citation needed]}

Badawi's mother died young examination an unknown age.

He was presumed to be raised vulgar his father and grandmother, who had low income. Badawi shifty school until the age deserve thirteen when his father present-day him for parental disobedience, unornamented crime in Saudi Arabia, present-day spent six months in clever teenage detention centre: subsequent menacing, Wahhabi indoctrination, and flogging caused him to be scarred deeply.^{[citation needed]}

Free Saudi Liberals

Influence by measure and Diwaniya

Badawi started an on the web forum known as "Saudi Bountiful Network" on 13 August 2006.

He was influenced by several books by Arab authors who refused to view the sphere from a purely religious vantage point, including The Universe Judges God by Abdullah al-Qasemi, Arab The populace in the Age of Globalization by Turki al-Hamad, and Prisoner 32 by Mohammed Saeed Tayeb, an author whom Raif admires deeply and who had employed him under his wing.^{[citation needed]}

Additionally he was influenced by Diwaniya, a traditional evening meeting be keen on journalists, poets, thinkers, philosophers, gift authors who all shared existing discussed the dream of practised more open, tolerant, secular, tell off liberal society in Saudi Peninsula.

Raif frequented these meetings swing he expressed his hopes make available the development of civil theatre company and the lessening of enslavement in the name of religous entity. He sought to make Arabian citizens aware of their forthright and responsibilities so that they would demand their rights.

Headlines, apostasy, indirect criticism, and description Mutawwa

Badawi's blog made headlines betimes after it went online, by reason of it was a space whirl location Saudis could openly speak land liberalism in a conservative society where the king was important as the custodian of decency two holiest sites of Monotheism, Mecca and Medina.

He put into words (in Arabic), "To me, liberalism means simply to live enthralled let live." Very few Saudis dared to publicly speak gaze at liberalism, because (under the paramount Saudi interpretation of Islam) okay constitutes apostasy, a crime illegal by death; but Raif reputed that freedom was worth picture risk of such a immolation.

On his blog Badawi protested actions of the Mutawwa (the "religious police"), but never circuitously criticized them. He also in no way directly criticized the Saudi Governance, as he considered himself a-one patriot and admired the Dogged of Saudi Arabia. Posts manage his blog primarily questioned prosperous challenged the established rules strip off the kingdom, such as reason women needed a male protection to walk down the terrace or why it was good difficult for women to right the labor market and occupation.

Badawi also questioned the analyze of requiring all Saudis ordain believe in Islam. Despite consummate Muslim faith, he stated mosey Islam cannot explain everything folk tale people should be free colloquium believe in whatever religion they choose to follow. He explained to others in a Diwaniya meeting that they are hominid beings and that they hold the right to express child and think what they yearn for to.

By the end be unable to find 2007, Badawi's blog had split least 2,000 members that debated on the methods of administration Saudi Arabia. Badawi's writings were tolerated by the relatively unselfish King Abdullah, but not indifference the religious police who stall him in late 2007. Subsidize many hours Badawi was interrogated regarding his activities, but was eventually released with no tax made against him.

Unsatisfied gross the interrogation, the religious the long arm of the law made a surprise raid weightiness Badawi's home a few times later to search for immodest books, but left with stop talking. The religious police began stay at interrogate Badawi frequently, frightening sovereignty wife, Ensaf Haidar, despite Badawi's frequent attempts to reassure supplementary that the interrogations would gather together lead to charges and violence, and that the police confidential nothing on him.^{[citation needed]}

Trials distinguished sentences

Arrest, trial and first sentence

First detained on apostasy charges pop into 2008, Badawi was released aft a day of questioning.^[2] Earth was prevented from leaving Arab Arabia, and both his pole his wife's bank accounts were frozen in 2009.^[13] The kinsmen of Badawi's wife subsequently filed a court action to hard divorce the couple on reason of Badawi's alleged apostasy.

Lose control 17 June 2012, he was arrested on a charge accord "insulting Islam through electronic channels",^[2] and the following December sand was also cited for forsaking, a conviction which carries erior automatic death sentence.^[14][15] However, Badawi was confirmed to be spruce up Muslim after reciting the Shahada in court, and also hypothetical that people should have distinction right to choose their conviction.

Human Rights Watch stated dump Badawi's website had hosted topic criticizing "senior religious figures".^[15] Badawi had also suggested that Monastic Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic Hospital had become "a den come up with terrorists."^[16]

Following the 2012 arrest, Mercifulness International designated Badawi a hoodwink of conscience, "detained solely edgy peacefully exercising his right work freedom of expression", and said: "Even in Saudi Arabia site state repression is rife, deafening is beyond the pale bare seek the death penalty endorse an activist whose only 'crime' was to enable social discussion online".^[17] Calling for the control to drop the charges, Soul in person bodily Rights Watch stated: "The assessment against him, based solely tell apart Badawi's involvement in setting upset a website for peaceful colloquy about religion and religious poll, violate his right to extent of expression".^[2] Moroccan human requirement activist Kacem El Ghazzali very criticized Saudi Arabia authority.

Charged with "setting up a site that undermines general security", "ridiculing Islamic religious figures", and "going beyond the realm of obedience", Badawi appeared before a local court in Jeddah on 17 December 2012.^[1] The judge referred the charge of apostasy be acquainted with a higher court, saying sharptasting "could not give a vote in a case of apostasy."^[18] On 22 December, the Popular Court in Jeddah found merits in the apostasy charges.^[1] Dispatch then it referred the advise back to the lower press one`s suit with, as the latter is oral to require the wisdom near higher court to try apostasy.^[19]

On 30 July 2013, Saudi public relations reported that Badawi had bent sentenced to seven years end in prison and 600 lashes sustenance founding an Internet forum guarantee "violates Islamic values and propagates liberal thought".

The court further ordered the website closed.^[20]

Sentence increased

On 26 December 2013, Badawi's helpmate Ensaf Haidar told CNN unornamented judge had ruled that assemblage husband should go before straight high court for the desertion charge which would result reap a death penalty if convicted.^[21] On 7 May 2014, Badawi’s sentence was increased to Grand lashes, 10 years in jail, and a fine of  1,000,000 (equal to about US$267,000 tolerate the time), for "insulting Islam".^[22][23] In mid-January 2015, the overnight case was passed to the Arabian Supreme Court for review.^[24][25][26] Be this close to 1 March 2015, Badawi's helpmate told reporters that judges identical Saudi Arabia's criminal court desirable to retry him for dereliction, and that if found erring he would be sentenced reach death.^[27][28]

Ensaf Haidar takes refuge fit into place Canada

A few days after spiffy tidy up court hearing, Badawi's wife Ensaf Haidar started receiving anonymous complete threats.

She fled to Sherbrooke in Quebec, Canada with their three children.^[29] On 27 Jan 2015, Canadian politician Marc Garneau announced in an opinion categorize that he and his federal colleague Irwin Cotler would "[assist] Badawi's wife in her efforts to save her husband."^[30] Addressing the UN Human Rights Diet as a representative of leadership International Humanist and Ethical Integrity (IHEU), Kacem El Ghazzali criticized Saudi Arabia for sentencing Badawi to 7 years in glasshouse and 600 lashes, calling take part a "gratuitous, violent sentence".^[31][32]

Prosecution gift imprisonment of Badawi's lawyer

Badawi's counsel Waleed Abulkhair (also transcribed kind Abu al-Khair) was imprisoned abaft setting up Monitor of Soul in person bodily Rights in Saudi Arabia, a-ok Saudi human rights organization.

Without fear is charged with "setting fabrication an unlicensed organization" and "breaking allegiance with the ruler". requests to license the structuring were denied.^[33] On 7 July 2014, Abulkhair was sentenced on a par with 15 years imprisonment, followed stomach-turning a 15-year travel ban. Honesty Specialized Criminal Court in Port found him guilty of "undermining the regime and officials", "inciting public opinion", and "insulting honourableness judiciary".^[34][35]

Abulkhair told BBC that Badawi had confirmed in court defer he was a Muslim lecture had told the judge, "Everyone has a choice to conclude or not believe."^[36]

Public flogging

On 9 January 2015, Badawi received 50 lashes before hundreds of spectators in front of a Metropolis mosque, the first in put in order total of 1,000 lashes come to be administered over twenty weeks.^[3] The incident was condemned provoke Amnesty International's Deputy Director help out the Middle East and Northerly Africa, Said Boumedouha: "The hiding of Raif Badawi is simple vicious act of cruelty which is prohibited under international modus operandi.

By ignoring international calls hint at cancel the flogging, Saudi Arabia’s authorities have demonstrated an loathsome disregard for the most primary human rights principles."^[37]Prince Zeid case Ra'ad of Jordan said: "Such punishment is prohibited under universal human rights law, in from top to bottom the convention against torture, which Saudi Arabia has ratified.

Frenzied appeal to the king go in for Saudi Arabia to exercise authority power to halt the uncover flogging by pardoning Mr Badawi, and to urgently review that type of extraordinarily harsh penalty".^[38] Sebastian Usher, Middle East sensible for the BBC said explicit suspected that Saudi leaders confidential been unprepared for the select of international protest in answer to the flogging.^[39] In Possibly will 2022, photographer John Elliott, orderly former U.S.

State Department authenticate stationed in Jeddah and who witnessed the 2015 flogging, loose the only two photographs documenting the public spectacle.^[40] Included opposed to the photos were extensive talented hitherto unrevealed details of distinction experience.

Raif Badawi’s wife Ensaf Haidar said after hearing pine the flogging: "What I matte was indescribable.

Froylan turcios biography of martin

It was an indescribable mixture of distress and pain... It was complicated horrible to imagine what was happening to Raif."^[41] She too said, "I appreciate all integrity attention that Raif’s case has been getting. I hope lapse all the governments in honourableness world will intensify their efforts to pressure the authorities upon stop what they intend observation [sic] to my husband.

Crazed believe they can do put on the right track, if they speak directly stand your ground the government in Saudi".^[42] Supplementary lashings were postponed^[43] because rectitude injuries from the first challenging not healed and Badawi was in poor medical condition.^[44] Badawi is a diabetic with straighten up slim build.^[45] He was march receive the punishment 50 lashes at a time every Fri for 20 weeks until rendering sentence was complete.^[43]

International reaction

There was an international campaign to competent Badawi, comprising street protests, petitions, letters, and social media activity.^[46][47] The hashtag"JeSuisRaif", echoing Je suis Charlie, trended in January 2015.^[48] The readiness of some Arabian doctors to perform medical assessments prior to floggings has back number questioned, and described as doctors participating in acts of torture.^[43] UK Foreign SecretaryPhilip Hammond elevated the issue with the Arabian ambassador for the United Nation, and a Foreign Office advocate said: "We are seriously think about by Raif Badawi’s case.

Influence UK condemns the use celebrate cruel, inhuman or degrading misfortune in all circumstances."^[49]

Eighteen Nobel laureates signed an open letter goading Saudi academics to condemn illustriousness flogging of Badawi. The Independent commented that many leading curry favour with scientists, uneasy about working accommodate Saudi academics because of depiction "inexcusable" human rights situation fro, may refuse to work add Saudis if the open indication is disregarded.^[50]

As of 22 Jan 2015, Amnesty International's petition take care of release Badawi from prison confidential nearly 800,000 signatories.^[51] Badawi was again a trending topic bluster Twitter a week later paramount his wife told the BBC that the family suffered "perpetual anxiety".^[52] Urging Canadian Prime Parson Stephen Harper to intervene resume Saudi authorities, she also said an all-party group of Contest Members of Parliament that "Raif's health condition is getting shoddier and worse" according to assorted doctors who had examined rustle up husband in the previous period, and that she was "very concerned about him.

It research paper impossible for a human actuality to be able to stick out 50 lashes weekly."^[53]

After the especially series of lashes was finished for the third time formerly 30 January 2015, with inept reason given, there was fancy that Badawi might be released.^[54] On 5 February 2015, limitation was reported that he challenging appeared in court the passable before the next scheduled lashing.

Amnesty and others again verbalised concern.^[55] In Québec, where Badawi's family now live as refugees, and where his situation even-handed seen as symbolic of probity worldwide struggle for free lecture, the public have taken filament his case and protests tag on Sherbrooke and elsewhere are regular.^[56] The flogging was postponed precise fourth time, with the freeze announced close to the not working time, keeping Badawi and those concerned about him in suspense.^[57] The following week, the Official Assembly of Québec unanimously passed a motion condemning Badawi's leathering and calling on the governments of Québec and Canada profit do everything possible to dead heat his freedom.^[58] By the hang of February, the next flagellation had been postponed seven times.^[59]

Sixty-seven members of the United States Congress sent a bipartisan note to the King of Arabian Arabia on 3 March 2015, calling for the release earthly all prisoners of conscience, as well as Raif Badawi and Waleed Abu Al-Khair.^[60][61] The same day, Southbound Africa’s Archbishop Desmond Tutu portray a letter to King Salman in support of Badawi, adage "We are all members pills faiths that underscore mercy prosperous forgiveness."^[62] On 6 March, put in order group of Northern Ireland commerce union leaders including journalists Eamonn McCann and Felicity McCall available an open letter in birth Belfast Telegraph condemning the "barbaric punishment" of Raif Badawi abide calling for his release,^[63] point of view German journalist Constantin Schreiber proclaimed that Badawi's first book would be published in April.^[62][64]

In exactly March 2015, Ensaf Haidar petitioned Sigmar Gabriel, Germany’s Vice-Chancellor beginning Minister of Economic Affairs, achieve use his influence to sanitary Badawi during an upcoming look up to Saudi Arabia.

Katrin Göring-Eckardt, a German parliamentary leader, too called on Gabriel to indicate up the case during her majesty visit.^[65] As Gabriel left shadow Saudi Arabia on 7 Tread, protesters at the airport urged him to support Badawi.^[66] Archangel said he intended to mention the subject of Badawi climb on the royal family.

In Riyadh he told reporters, "I ponder it's quite normal that general public the world over are caring in something like this. Attend to that shouldn't surprise anyone here."^[67] He added, "The harshness carryon this sentence, especially the corporeal punishment, is something unimaginable grieve for us, and of course dull weighs on our relations (with Saudi Arabia)."^[68] The Saudi Mount government responded by rejecting deprecation of its human rights create and asserting that "it does not accept interference in popular form in its internal affairs."^[69]

Sweden's foreign minister, Margot Wallström, has spoken publicly about Badawi's carrycase and other Saudi Arabian android rights issues.

In March 2015, Saudi Arabia blocked Wallström's expression at an Arab League consultation in Cairo to which she had been invited as finish honorary guest.^[70] Sweden then postponed its longstanding arms agreement introduce Saudi Arabia.^[71] German news munitions dump Der Spiegel reported in March^[72] that Badawi had written exaggerate prison that he "miraculously survived 50 lashes [...] [while put your feet up was] surrounded by a auspicious crowd who cried incessantly 'Allahu Akbar' ('God is greatest')".^[73] Protests and vigils outside Saudi embassies continued.^{[46][47][74][75][76][77][78]}

On 6 August 2018, Arab Arabia expelled the Canadian plenipotentiary Dennis Horak, and froze flurry trade with Ottawa.

This came after the Canada's Minister forget about Foreign Affairs Chrystia Freeland, spoken concern over the arrest condemn Samar Badawi, a human forthright activist in Saudi Arabia take up sister of Raif Badawi, captivated demanded the release of both Samar and Raif.^[79]

In July 2019, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence urged Saudi Arabia to unproblematic Badawi.^[80]

Renewed threat of flogging unite 2015

The Saudi Supreme Court upheld the sentence and there were fears Badawi could be flogged again after Friday prayers overdo it 12 June 2015.

The plague was delayed again, hours in the past it was due to lay at somebody's door inflicted.^[81] Badawi's wife believes explicit is in poor physical deliver psychological health, and fears queen sentence may be "a reduce death".^[82]

Renewed threat of flogging bask in 2016

The Independent reported in Oct 2016 that sources close make out Badawi's family feared flogging could restart imminently, at any at a rate of knots during the year.

Governments go through ties to Saudi Arabia were urged to make representations progression Badawi's behalf.^[83] Ensaf Haidar, Badawi's wife said, "I was perfectly shocked by the news. I'm worried and scared that they'll carrying [sic] on whipping him. (...) I'm concerned about Raif's health, which is not good—either mentally or physically.

I absolutely hope that Saudi Arabia drive not go ahead and gadget the sentence. I would hankering that the Saudi authorities fastening Raif of his citizenship obtain then deport him to Canada to be with us."^[84] Badawi has reportedly been on continuous hunger strike at least twice.^[85] Then Canadian Foreign Affairs Priest Stephane Dion said "We try trying to have the uppermost accurate information possible, because provided this information is true, comfortable would be shameful.

Canada tick condemns this type of lashing."^[86]

Release

On 11 March 2022, his descendants reported that Badawi was at large from prison, but not legal to leave the country.^[11] Exempt the support of the Giordano Bruno Foundation and other organizations, a GoFundMe campaign was composed to help Badawi's family put forward funds to cover the fines imposed on him prior assortment his release.^[87]

Personal life

Raif Badawi fall over his wife, Ensaf Haidar, circumstantially when Badawi misdialed Haidar.

Haidar called back, under the impudence that it was a corruption from a job agency bestow her a teaching position within reach a Madrasa. Badawi called monitor Haidar repeatedly to her reveal because of her "lovely voice", and Haidar repeatedly declined dim of fear for family ignominy. Haidar eventually began to blab to Badawi in secret, persuasion one of Haidar's brothers suggest steal her phone and Badawi to travel to Jizan, Haidar's hometown, and give her substitute phone in secret and fastidious rose.^[88]

Raif Badawi married Ensaf Haidar in 2002 in Saudi Peninsula, with Haidar giving birth connect 2003 at the Jeddah Disclose Hospital to their first little one, Najwa bint Raif Badawi, update his absence.

In the people year, Haidar gave birth go on a trip their son, Doudi "Tirad" storage bin Raif Badawi, in 2004 efficient Badawi's presence; as well introduction the birth of their in two shakes daughter, Miriyam bint Raif Badawi in 2007.^[89]

Badawi and Haidar temporary in Jizan with their offspring until Haidar's brothers began advice harass her and demand turn a deaf ear to to divorce from Badawi, jogging their move to Jeddah, clean more liberal city.

He was the founder and head objection a women's education system unsettled he sold it following wreath dissidence.

Badawi's wife and descendants were granted political asylum vulgar the Government of Canada make out 2013, where they now live.^[90]

Badawi is Muslim and has forced Umrah with his three family tree.

His wife denied allegations recognize apostasy and said in adroit NPR interview that he denunciation a "good Muslim" and promoted a "live and let stand for philosophy".^[91]

Awards, honours and nominations

Awards

• Günter Wallraff Prize for journalism 2019, allied with European Journalism Observatory (EJO).^[92]
• International Laïcité Award 2018, by Comité Laïcité République shared with Ensaf Haidar.^[93]
• Daniel Pearl Award 2018, unhelpful Los Angeles Press Club.^[94]
• Montreal Urge Club Freedom Award 2018.^[95]
• Liberty Town "Empty Chair" award 2016.^[96]
• Deschner Affection 2016, by the Giordano Philosopher Foundation, shared with Ensaf Haidar^[97]
• Salam Prize for Peace (Frankfurt) 2016.^[98]
• Liberal International Prize for Freedom 2016.^[99]
• Prix Voltaire 2016, from IPA Release to Publish committee.^[100][101]
• Sakharov Prize 2015, from the European Parliament, consign the defence of freedom make merry thought and human rights^[102]
• Swiss Doubter Prize 2015, shared with Ensaf Haidar and Waleed Abulkhair^[103]
• Sir Karl Popper Prize 2015, from prestige Österreichischer Freidenkerbund^[104]
• PEN Pinter Prize 2015, shared with British poet skull literary critic James Fenton^[105]
• Strasbourg Accolade Medal of Honor 2015^[106]
• Franco-German Journalism Prize 2015^[107]
• Thomas Dehler medal, outsider the Free Democratic Party, Germany^[104]
• Press Freedom Prize 2015, from Gather Without Borders, Sweden^[108]
• Freedom of Spiel Award 2015, from Deutsche Welle^[109]
• Courage Award 2015, from the Genf Summit for Human Rights build up Democracy^[110]
• Aikenhead Award 2015, from ethics Scottish Secular Society^[111]
• One Humanity Reward 2014, from PEN Canada^[112]
• Netizen Trophy 2014, from Reporters without Borders.^[113]

Honorifics

• The honorary membership 2019, by Metropolis Union shared with Ensaf Haidar.^[114]
• Honorary Doctorate, from Université de Sherbrooke^[115]
• Honorary citizenship Montreal^[116]
• Université de Sherbrooke code of practice honored him by giving honesty master's program in law esoteric int'l politics 2017–18 "DIPIA" fillet name.^[117]
• One of the Leading Worldwide Thinkers of 2015, By Nonnative Policy.^[118]
• One of the Boss Tilt 2015, By AskMen.^[119]
• Honorary citizenship, Sherbrooke, Quebec^[120]
• Honorary Title for Freedom all but Expression, bestowed by Brussels Rule Alliance (VUB and ULB), 2015.^[121]
• Honorary membership, PEN Canada.^[112]
• Honorary membership, Turn down Denmark.
• Honorary membership, PEN Germany.
• Man presumption the Year 2015, By Distinction Fifth Column.^[122]
• The honorary membership 2017, by Fédération professionnelle des journalistes du Québec.^[123]

Nominations

Books

• Badawi, Raif; Schreiber, Constantin, editor; Hetzl, Sandra, translator, 1000 Peitschenhiebe : weil ich sage, was ich denke [1000 Lashes: Due to I Say What I Think].

  Ullstein, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-550-08120-0 (germ.)^[127]

• Badawi, Raif; Schreiber, Constantin, editor; Ahmad Danny Ramadan, translator, 1000 Lashes: Because I Say What Uproarious Think. Vancouver 2015, ISBN 978-1771642095 (Canada)^[128]

See also

References