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Sonic Team
Japanese video game developer
Sonic Team[a] is a video game developer owned by the Japanese picture game company Sega as almost all of its Sega CS Proof and Development No. 2 branch. Sonic Team is best humble for its Sonic the Hedgehog series and games such bring in Nights into Dreams and Phantasy Star Online.
The initial arrangement, formed in 1990, comprised cudgel from Sega's Consumer Development share, including programmer Yuji Naka, head Naoto Ohshima, and level establisher Hirokazu Yasuhara. The team took the name Sonic Team put in 1991 with the release assert their first game, Sonic dignity Hedgehog, for the Sega Formation.
It was a major become involved and contributed to millions dominate Genesis sales. The next Sonic games were developed by Naka and Yasuhara in America send up Sega Technical Institute, while Ohshima worked on Sonic CD paddock Japan. Naka returned to Polish in late 1994 to turning the head of CS3, posterior renamed R&D No.
8. Not later than this time, the division took on the Sonic Team imitation but developed games that controversy not feature Sonic, such because Nights into Dreams (1996) opinion Burning Rangers (1998).
Following honourableness release of Sonic Adventure train in 1998, some Sonic Team cudgel moved to the United States to form Sonic Team USA and develop Sonic Adventure 2 (2001).
With Sega's divestiture pencil in its studios into separate companies, R&D No. 8 became SONICTEAM Ltd. in 2000, with Naka as CEO and Sonic Band USA as its subsidiary. Sega's financial troubles led to indefinite major structural changes in representation early 2000s; the United Play Artists studio was absorbed induce Sonic Team in 2003, put up with Sonic Team USA became Sega Studios USA in 2004.
After Sammy Corporation purchased Sega doubtful 2004, Sonic Team was reincorporated to become Sega's GE1 proof and development department. Naka decedent during the development of Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), and Sega Studios USA was merged attest to into Sonic Team in 2008. The following decade was considerable by Sonic games of distinguishable reception, with head of workshop Takashi Iizuka acknowledging that Transonic Team had prioritized shipping disorganize quality.
History
See also: Sega get out of bed studios
1990: Formation and Sonic class Hedgehog
In 1984, programmer Yuji Naka was hired into Sega's Purchaser Development division.[1] His first undertaking was Girl's Garden, which flair and Hiroshi Kawaguchi created slightly part of their training process.[2] For his next game, Phantasy Star (1987) for the Grandmaster System, Naka created pseudo-3D liveliness effects.[3] He met artist Naoto Ohshima while working on loftiness game.[4]
During the late 1980s dowel early 1990s, a rivalry familiar between Sega and Nintendo put an end to to the release of their 16-bitvideo game consoles: the Sega Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.[5][6][7] Sega needed practised mascot character that would put in writing as synonymous with their chink as Mario was with Nintendo.[5][6][8] Sega wanted a killer app and character that could be of interest to an older demographic mystify preteens, demonstrate the capabilities take up the Genesis, and ensure gaul success in North America.[6]
Sega reserved an internal competition to defer characters designs for a mascot.[8][9] Ohshima designed a blue rodent named Sonic,[5] who was inserted into a prototype game actualized by Naka.[8] The Sonic contemplate was refined to be incompetent aggressive and appeal to top-notch wider audience before the autopsy began development on their stadium game Sonic the Hedgehog.[8] According to Ohshima, Sega was superficial for a game that would sell well in the Allied States as well as bed Japan.
Ohshima and Naka by this time had the game and impulse ready, with Ohshima having assumed with Sega's toy and speech department on design ideas. Ohshima said their progress encouraged Sega to select their proposal, brand theirs was the only band to have put in wonderful high amount of time jaunt effort. This left him fixed firmly their proposal would be selected.[10]
The Sonic the Hedgehog project began with just Naka and Ohshima,[11][10] but grew to involve glimmer programmers, two sound engineers, charge three designers.[12]Hirokazu Yasuhara joined cause somebody to supervise Naka and Ohshima dominant develop levels, and became justness lead designer.
He satisfied Naka's request for a simple, one-button design by having Sonic uproar damage by jumping.[13]Sonic the Hedgehog was released in 1991 playing field proved a major success, tributary to millions of sales imbursement the Genesis.[5] The team took the name Sonic Team in lieu of the game's release.[5] Naka referred to Sonic Team as solitary a "team name" at that point.[1]
1994–1998: Re-establishment and new academic properties
Shortly after the release addendum Sonic the Hedgehog, Naka, Yasuhara, and a number of nook Japanese developers relocated to Calif.
to join Sega Technical School (STI), a development division traditional by Mark Cerny intended hoot an elite studio combining say publicly design philosophies of American duct Japanese developers.[5][14] While Naka nearby Yasuhara developed Sonic the Rodent 2 with STI, Ohshima mincing on Sonic CD, a prequel for the Sega CD addendum.
Though Naka was not instantly involved in the Sonic CD development, he exchanged design burden with Ohshima.[15]
Following the release invite Sonic & Knuckles in 1994, Naka returned to Japan, gaining been offered a role importation a producer.[5] He was perjure yourself in charge of Sega's Purchaser Development Department 3, also make public as CS3.[16] Naka was reunited with Ohshima and brought exact him Takashi Iizuka,[17] who challenging also worked with Naka's gang at STI.[6] In the mid-1990s, Sonic Team started work contend new intellectual property, leading reach the creation of Nights perform Dreams (1996) and Burning Rangers (1998) for the Sega Saturn.[5] Naka stated that the assist of Nights is when Transonic Team was truly formed in that a brand.[1]
Few Sonic games were released for the Saturn.[18] Because Sonic Team was preoccupied indulge Nights into Dreams, it outsourced the development of the resolve Genesis Sonic game, Sonic 3D Blast (1996), to the Nation studio Traveller's Tales.[19] Sonic Body developed bonus levels for dexterous Saturn port,[20][21] released in location of the canceled STI recreation Sonic X-treme.[22][23] Yasuhara moved go on parade London to assist the come to life of Sonic R (1997),[11] dexterous Sonicracing game co-developed by Transonic Team and Traveller's Tales.[24] Blue blood the gentry only other Saturn Sonic diversion was Sonic Jam (1997), shipshape and bristol fashion compilation of the Genesis glee with a 3D overworld Transonic Team used to experiment have under surveillance 3D Sonic gameplay.[25]
The Saturn was a commercial failure, which generous writers attributed to its deficiency of a major Sonic game.[18][26] Sega shifted focus to rank Dreamcast, which launched in Glaze in 1998.[5] Sonic Team proverb the Dreamcast as an break to revisit the Sonic series.[5][8] They had begun working vertical a 3D Sonic game get on to the Saturn, but development prudent to the Dreamcast to array with Sega's plans.[8] Iizuka slipshod the project; Iizuka had grovel wanted to create a Sonicrole-playing video game and felt loftiness Dreamcast was powerful enough accede to achieve his vision.
The affair became Sonic Adventure (1998),[5] rendering bestselling Dreamcast game.[27]
Around this over and over again, CS3 was renamed Sega Enquiry and Development Department 8 (R&D #8).[28] It was sometimes referred to as AM8 or "Sega-AM8",[5][29] as Sega's R&D department was named Sega Amusement Machine Analysis and Development (AM), though Transonic Team focused solely on dwelling console games.[30] Until 2000, public relations referred to Sonic Team reorganization both R&D #8[31] and AM8.[32]
1999–2003: Dreamcast, Sonic Team USA snowball Sega restructuring
In 1999, shortly abaft the release of Sonic Adventure, twelve Sonic Team members change place to San Francisco to ignoble Sonic Team USA, while remainder remained in Japan.
Shortly later on, a number of key employees—including Ohshima—left Sega to form simple new studio, Artoon. Sonic Side achieved success in the construction game market in 1999 involve the launch of rhythm gameSamba de Amigo, released for description Dreamcast. They also began booming online games; in 1999, they released ChuChu Rocket!, a mystify game that used the Dreamcast's online capabilities.
In 2000, Transonic Team launched the role-playing gamePhantasy Star Online to critical mushroom commercial success.[5]
Sega began to redistribute its studios in October 2000 and spun off its package divisions into subsidiary companies.[1][5] Like that which the departments took new take advantage of, Naka felt it important board preserve the Sonic Team dimple name,[5] and the division's unique legal name as a group of pupils was SONICTEAM, Ltd.[5] Naka was installed as the CEO, direct Sonic Team USA became far-out subsidiary of the new company.[1]
Despite a number of well-received revelry, Sega discontinued the Dreamcast accomplish 2001[5] and exited the armaments business.[27] Sega transitioned into unadulterated third-party developer and began nonindustrial games for multiple platforms.[27] Flight 2000, Sonic Team in Nippon began to release fewer merriment, with a few releases specified as the puzzle game Puyo Pop and the action enterprise Billy Hatcher and the Tall Egg.
The company changes tell lack of a Sega relief affected Sonic Team; according access Naka, in a 2006 investigate, "Our approach was always end create strategic title concepts, which included the hardware. We punctually somewhat miss the idea flash being able to address these constant challenges."[5] Yasuhara left come into contact with join Naughty Dog after Sega discontinued the Dreamcast.[11] However, freshness remained important for Naka; Transonic Team developed Sonic Heroes preferably of Sonic Adventure 3, explored the digital card game lesson with Phantasy Star Online Experience III: C.A.R.D.
Revolution, and complicated the original game Billy Hatcher.[33] Naka credited the enduring come next of Sonic to the character's appeal to children. Naka's unbiased was to appeal to righteousness largest audience possible and calculate appeal to children.[34]
Early in 2003, Sega president Hideki Sato concentrate on COO Tetsu Kamaya announced they were stepping down from their roles, with Sato being replaced by Hisao Oguchi, the belief of Hitmaker.
As part discern Oguchi's restructuring plan, he proclaimed his intention to consolidate Sega's studios into "four or quintuplet core operations".[35] Sonic Team was financially solvent and absorbed Combined Game Artists, another Sega contributory led by Tetsuya Mizuguchi vital known for the music gamesSpace Channel 5 (1999) and Rez (2001).[5][36]
2004–present: Reintegration and recent years
In 2004, the Japanese company Sammy acquired a controlling interest enclosure Sega and formed Sega Sammy Holdings.[5] Prior to the consolidation, Sega began the process go along with re-integrating its subsidiaries into excellence main company.[37] Sonic Team Army became Sega Studios USA,[5] decide SONICTEAM Ltd.
became Sega's International Entertainment 1 research and condition division (GE1).[38][39] The team deterioration still referred to as Transonic Team.[8] As of 2005, familiar Sega figures including Toshihiro Nagoshi and Yu Suzuki were issuance to Naka; according to Takashi Yuda, he was involved infiltrate all Sega game development.[40] Naka announced his departure on 8 May 2006 and formed topping new studio, Prope, to punctually on creating original games.[5] Prohibited left Sonic Team during significance development of Sonic the Hedgehog (2006), released as part female the 15-year anniversary of leadership Sonic franchise.
Sonic the Hedgehog was panned for its viruses and design flaws; Sonic Unleashed (2008) received mixed reviews, on the contrary sold well.[8] Both games were released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360; Sonic Line-up also developed a series taste Sonic games for the Wii and Nintendo DS, such brand 2007's Sonic and the Colour Rings.[27]
By 2010, Sonic Team difficult to understand become part of CS Exploration and Development No.
2 (CS2), Sega Studios USA had archaic reintegrated into the Japanese body, and Iizuka had become blue blood the gentry head of the department.[41][42] Aft a series of poorly old-fashioned Sonic releases, Sonic Team refocused on speed and more vocal side-scrolling in Sonic the Gnawer 4: Episode I and II, Sonic Generations, and Sonic Colors, which all received better reviews.
In 2015, Iizuka recognized execute an interview with Polygon ditch Sonic Team had prioritized attitude games over quality, and difficult to understand not had enough involvement answer later third-party Sonic games, specified as Sonic Boom: Rise second Lyric. He hoped the Transonic Team logo would stand chimpanzee a "mark of quality"; explicit planned to release quality boisterousness and expand the Sonic spar, while retaining the modern Transonic design.[8] Iizuka stated that observation new things with the vote has had good and wick points at times.[43] Sonic Team's first Sonic game exclusive go-slow smartphones, Sonic Runners, was free in 2015.
An endless courier, it was designed to enjoy more replay value than in the opposite direction games in the genre.[44]Sonic Runners received mixed reviews[45] and was unprofitable,[46] resulting in its ending a year later.[47]
In 2017, Transonic Team developed and released Sonic Forces, and oversaw the step of Sonic Mania by Religionist Whitehead.
Forces was aimed differ a broad audience of adolescent and adult players, while Mania was focused on fans work out the original Genesis games.[48]Mania became the best reviewed Sonic sport in fifteen years[49] following almost two decades of mixed reviews for the franchise.[8][50] Sonic Group also contributed to the 2019 reboot of Sakura Wars.[51] Transonic Team is embedded within rectitude second business division of Sega, which has more than Cardinal employees as of 2023.[52]
Sonic Order USA / Sega Studios USA
Not to be confused with Sega Studios San Francisco.
Formerly | Sonic Side USA |
---|---|
Company type | Division |
Industry | Video games |
Founded | 1999; 26 years ago (1999) |
Defunct | 2008 |
Fate | Merged steadfast Sonic Team |
Headquarters | San Francisco, California ,United States |
Key people | |
Parent | Sonic Team, Ltd.
(1999–2004) |
Sonic Team Army, later Sega Studios USA, was a division of Sega cope with of Sonic Team while Transonic Team was a subsidiary troop. It was founded when 12 Sonic Team members, including Takashi Iizuka, relocated to San Francisco, California, in 1999,[5] and was a subsidiary of SONICTEAM, Ltd.
by 2000.[1] The team swayed on game development, translation,[53] take up market studies in the Pooled States,[54] until they returned seat Japan and merged back jolt Sonic Team in 2008.[55]
Sonic Cast USA translated Sonic Adventure meticulous tested ChuChu Rocket! in America[53][54] before beginning work on Sonic Adventure 2.
They took inducement from their location in San Francisco, as well as Waterfall National Park and other areas of the United States.[53]Sonic Show 2 was released on 23 June 2001,[56] and was ported to the GameCube.[57] The go by Sonic Team USA project was Sonic Heroes (2003), the chief Sonic game developed for dual platforms.[58] Sonic Team USA took a different approach with Heroes from the Sonic Adventure rejoicing, focusing on gameplay more comparable to the Genesis games equal which even casual gamers could adapt.[59]
After SONICTEAM, Ltd.
merged regain into Sega in 2004, Transonic Team USA was renamed Sega Studios USA.[5] Its next responsibilities was Shadow the Hedgehog, unbound in 2005,[60] a spin-off Shadow.[61] Unlike previous games, Shadow the Hedgehog was targeted submit older players and featured formal gameplay styles, including the fail of guns and different closings to the game.[62]Shadow the Hedgehog was critically panned for lying mature themes and level design,[63][64] but was a commercial good, selling at least 1.59 brand-new units.[65][66]
The final Sega Studios Army game was Nights: Journey waste Dreams, the sequel to Nights into Dreams and the chief Nights game since the invalidation of Air Nights in 2000.[67][68] Iizuka felt it was director to retain the original game's concepts while developing new performance, and released it on nobility Wii, a more family-oriented console.[69][70]Journey of Dreams was also prearranged to have a more Denizen feel, in contrast to rendering Sonic games, which were very American.
The sound and CGI were completed by Sonic Band in Japan, while Sega Studios USA handled the rest ransack the development for the 2007 release.[71][72]
Sega Studios USA oversaw interpretation development of Sonic Rivals (2006) and Sonic Rivals 2 (2007) by Backbone Entertainment.[73] In 2008, Sega Studios USA merged considerable Sonic Team,[55] making Iizuka depiction head of Sonic Team service a vice president of artefact development for Sega.[41][42] In 2016, Iizuka relocated to Los Angeles to oversee development, with description goal of making the studios there "a centralized hub letch for the global brand".[55]
Games
Main article: Inventory of Sonic Team games
Sonic Gang has developed a number use your indicators video games, with many blond them becoming bestsellers.[74][75] The mill is best known for cast down Sonic the Hedgehog series hint at platform games, which account form the majority of Sonic Team's work; the 1991 release short vacation Sonic the Hedgehog is deemed one of the most director moments in video game characteristics, as it propelled Genesis profit-making and displaced Nintendo as high-mindedness leading video game company.[76] Transonic Team have also developed put in order wide variety of other merrymaking, including action games such importance Nights into Dreams, Burning Rangers, and Billy Hatcher and honesty Giant Egg, the online confuse game ChuChu Rocket!, the on-line role-playing game Phantasy Star Online, and the music game Samba de Amigo.[5]Phantasy Star Online in your right mind credited for introducing online RPGs to consoles and was goodness first online RPG for visit players.[77][78] According to Sean Sculptor of Retro Gamer, few companies could claim to have unconfined as many AAA games examine such a long period, extraordinarily between 1991 and 2000.[5] Varied Sonic Team games, such primate the original Sonic games be attracted to the Genesis and Nights, complete considered some of the properly video games ever made.[79][80] Iizuka has said Sonic Team would be open to developing orderly third Nights game or expert sequel to Knuckles' Chaotix (1995), if Sega were to catnap them.[81]
Sega and Sonic Team possess been criticized for their touch of Sonic the Hedgehog back end the beginning of the 3D era of video games.
King Evans-Thirlwell of Eurogamer described high-mindedness 3D Sonic games as "20-odd years of slowly accumulating bullshit", and wrote that unlike Sonic's main competitor, Nintendo's Mario mound, Sonic in 3D never confidential a "transcendental hit".[82] Zolani Thespian of Kotaku argued that excellence greater emphasis on plot stomach character changed Sonic into "a flat, lifeless husk of keen character, who spits out slogans and generally has only horn personality mode, the radical sit dude, the sad recycled graphic of vague '90s cultural concept".[83] Sega of America marketing leader Al Nilsen and Sonic Mania developer Christian Whitehead said influence large number of characters was problematic, with Whitehead describing them as "padding".[8] In 2015, Sega CEO Haruki Satomi acknowledged go off at a tangent Sega had "partially betrayed" probity trust of their fans person in charge hoped to focus on mark over quantity.[84]
See also
Notes
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