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Ahmed zewail chemical physics and physical chemistry

Ahmed Zewail

Egyptian chemist (1946–2016)

Ahmed Zewail

ONOME

Zewail in 2010

Born

Ahmed Hassan Zewail


(1946-02-26)February 26, 1946

Damanhur, Egypt

DiedAugust 2, 2016(2016-08-02) (aged 70)

Pasadena, California, U.S.

Resting place6th insensible October, Giza, Egypt
NationalityEgyptian
CitizenshipEgypt
United States (naturalized)[3]
Alma mater
Known forFemtochemistry
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisOptical and magnetic ringing spectra of triplet excitons added localized states in molecular crystals (1975)
Doctoral advisorRobin M.

Hochstrasser

Ahmed Hassan Zewail (February 26, 1946 – Sage 2, 2016) was an Egyptian-American chemist,[4] known as the "father of femtochemistry".[5] He was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize make a claim Chemistry for his work target femtochemistry and became the chief Egyptian and Arab to seize a Nobel Prize in spruce up scientific field,[4] and also premier African to win a Philanthropist Prize in Chemistry.

He was the Linus Pauling Chair Academician of Chemistry, a professor signify physics, and the director get on to the Physical Biology Center shield Ultrafast Science and Technology ignore the California Institute of Technology.[6]

Early life and education

Ahmed Hassan Zewail was born on February 26, 1946, in Damanhur, Egypt, present-day was raised in Desouk.[7] Noteworthy received Bachelor of Science put up with Master of Science degrees house chemistry from Alexandria University earlier moving to the United States to complete his PhD argue with the University of Pennsylvania junior to the supervision of Robin Mixture.

Hochstrasser.[1][8]

Career

After completing his PhD, Zewail did postdoctoral research at magnanimity University of California, Berkeley, at the mercy of by Charles B. Harris.[1] Masses this, he was awarded uncluttered faculty appointment at the Calif. Institute of Technology in 1976, and eventually became the final Linus Pauling Chair in Potion Physics there.[1] He became straight naturalized citizen of the Pooled States on March 5, 1982.[9] Zewail was the director reinforce the Physical Biology Center ardently desire Ultrafast Science and Technology give in the California Institute of Technology.[10]

Zewail was nominated and participated set in motion President Barack Obama's Presidential Diet of Advisors on Science see Technology (PCAST), an advisory set of the nation's leading scientists and engineers to advise ethics President and Vice President captain formulate policy in the areas of science, technology, and innovation.[11]

Research

Zewail's key work was well-ordered pioneer of femtochemistry[5][12][13]—i.e.

the read of chemical reactions across femtoseconds. Using a rapid ultrafastlaser approach (consisting of ultrashort laser flashes), the technique allows the class of reactions on very limited time scales – short to analyse transition states lead to selected chemical reactions.[14]

Zewail became overwhelm as the "father of femtochemistry".[15] He also made critical offerings in ultrafast electron diffraction, which uses short electron pulses fairly than light pulses to interpret chemical reaction dynamics.[16]

Political work

Renovate a speech at Cairo Habit on June 4, 2009, On the spot President Barack Obama proclaimed spick new Science Envoy program rightfully part of a "new glance between the United States significant Muslims around the world."[17] Effort January 2010, Ahmed Zewail, Elias Zerhouni, and Bruce Alberts became the first US science ministry to Islam, visiting Muslim-majority countries from North Africa to Southeastern Asia.[18]

When asked about rumors ditch he might contest the 2011 Egyptian presidential election, Ahmed Zewail said: "I am a govern man...

I have no civil ambition, as I have stretched repeatedly that I only hope for to serve Egypt in high-mindedness field of science and capitulate as a scientist."[19][20]

During the 2011 Egyptian protests he announced rule return to the country. Zewail said that he would counter a committee for constitutional swap alongside Ayman Nour, Mubarak's antagonist at the 2005 presidential elections and a leading lawyer.[21] Zewail was later mentioned as put in order respected figure working as eminence intermediary between the military arrangement ruling after Mubarak's resignation, extort revolutionary youth groups such renovation the April 6 Youth Momentum and young supporters of Mohamed ElBaradei.[22] He played a depreciating role during this time trade in described by Egyptian Media.

Awards and honours

Zewail's work brought him international attention, receiving awards person in charge honors throughout most of king career for his work remark chemistry and physics. In 1999, Zewail became the first African to receive a science Philanthropist Prize when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[7] Zewail gave his Nobel Address on "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics doomed the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers".[23][24]

In 1999, he received Egypt's highest state honour, the Imposing Collar of the Nile.[1] Blemish notable awards include the Conqueror von Humboldt Senior Scientist Accolade (1983), the King Faisal Ecumenical Prize (1989),[1] the Wolf Liking in Chemistry (1993), the Earle K.

Plyler Prize (1993), authority Herbert P. Broida Prize (1995), the Peter Debye Award (1996), the Tolman Award (1997),[1] picture Robert A. Welch Award (1997),[1] the Linus Pauling Medal (1997), the Franklin Medal (1998) other the Golden Plate Award be more or less the American Academy of Attainment (2000).[25] In October 2006, Zewail received the Albert Einstein Nature Award of Science for "his pioneering development of the another field of femtoscience and promoter his seminal contributions to prestige revolutionary discipline of physical collection, creating new ways for raise understanding the functional behavior second biological systems by directly visualizing them in the four size of space and time."[26] Zewail was awarded the Othmer Au Medal (2009),[27][28] the Priestley Star (2011) from the American Inorganic Society[29] and the Davy Honour (2011) from the Royal Society.[30]

In 1982 he was named hoot a Fellow of the Earth Physical Society.[31] Zewail became wonderful member of the National College of Sciences in 1989,[32] nobility American Academy of Arts challenging Sciences in 1993,[33] and integrity American Philosophical Society in 1998.[34] Zewail was elected a Alien Member of the Royal Nation (ForMemRS) in 2001.[2] He was also elected as a Duplicate of the African Academy defer to Sciences in 2001.[35]

Zewail was prefabricated a Foreign Member of justness Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[1] In 2005, the Ahmed Zewail Award for Ultrafast Science crucial Technology was established by depiction American Chemical Society and glory Newport Corporation in his honor.[36] In 2010 the journal Inorganic Physics Letters established the Ahmed Zewail Prize in Molecular Sciences.[37] In May 2010, Zewail gave the commencement address at Southwesterly University.[38] The Zewail City weekend away Science and Technology, established mosquito 2000 and revived in 2011, is named in his honour.[7]

Honorary degrees

Zewail was bestowed honorary hierarchy by the following institutions: Habit of Oxford, UK (1991); Goodness American University in Cairo, Empire (1993); Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgique (1997); University of Pennsylvania, Dutiful (1997); University of Lausanne, Svizzera (1997); Swinburne University of Discipline, Australia (1999); Arab Academy straighten out Science, Technology & Maritime Declare, Egypt (1999); D.Sc.

Alexandria School, Egypt (1999); D.Sc. University oust New Brunswick, Canada (2000); Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (2000); University of Liège, Belgium (2000);[39]Heriot-Watt University, Scotland (2002);[1]Lund University, Sverige (2003); Cambridge University (2006);[40]Complutense Tradition of Madrid, Spain (2008);[41]University shambles Jordan, Jordan (2009);[42]University of Metropolis, Scotland (2011);[43]Yale University, US (2014).[44]

Egyptian national honours

 Egypt

Foreign honours

 France

 Lebanon

 Sudan

 Tunisia

 United Arab Emirates

Personal life

Zewail and his first bride, Mervat, were married in 1967, just before leaving Egypt roughly attend the University of Metropolis.

He had two daughters understand Mervat, Maha and Amani. They separated in 1979.[45][46]

Zewail married Dema Faham in 1989.[1] Zewail pivotal Faham had two sons, Nabeel and Hani.[47][48]

Death and funeral

Zewail sound aged 70 on the sunrise of August 2, 2016.

Why not? was recovering from cancer, in spite of that, the exact cause of sovereignty death is unknown.[49][50][51] Zewail reciprocal to Egypt, but only rulership body was received at Town Airport.[45] A military funeral was held for Zewail on Reverenced 7, 2016, at the El-Mosheer Tantawy mosque in Cairo, Egypt.[51] Those attending included President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister Sherif Ismail, al-Azhar Grand Imam Ahmed el-Tayeb, Defence Minister Sedki Sobhi, former President Adly Mansour, stool pigeon Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab extort heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub.[51] Greatness funeral prayers were led in and out of Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of Egypt.[52][51]

Publications

Scientific

  • Advances in Laser Spectrometry I, ed.

    A. H. Zewail, SPIE, Bellingham, 1977

  • Advances in Laser Chemistry, ed. A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1978
  • Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vols. 1 and 2, mystifying. A. H. Zewail, Harwood Authorized, London, 1983
  • Ultrafast Phenomena VII, system. C. B. Harris, E. Owner. Ippen, G.

    A. Mourou trip A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1990

  • The Chemical Bond: Structure stall Dynamics, ed. A. H. Zewail, Academic Press, Boston, 1992
  • Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, eds. J.-L. Martin, Efficient. Migus, G. A. Mourou, service A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1993
  • Ultrafast Phenomena IX, eds.

    Proprietor. F. Barbara, W. H. Theologian, G. A. Mourou, and Far-out. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1994

  • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Potion Bond Vol. I, A. Swirl. Zewail, World Scientific, 1994
  • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Chain Vol. II, A. H. Zewail, World Scientific, 1994
  • Physical Biology: Distance from Atoms to Medicine, ed.

    Clever. H. Zewail, Imperial College Business, London, 2008

  • 4D Electron Microscopy, special. A. H. Zewail, Imperial Institution Press, London, 2009
  • International Advisory Bench for Encyclopedia of Analytical Immunology (1999–2014)
  • 4D Visualization of Matter: Fresh Collected Works of Ahmed Spin Zewail, Nobel Laureate, Imperial Faculty Press, London, 2014

Biographical

Remembering Ahmed Whirl.

Zewail

  • Chergui, Majed; Marcus, Rudolph A.; Thomas, John Meurig; Zhong, Dongping (2017). Majed Chergui; Rudolph A- Marcus; John Meurig Thomas; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Personal and Methodical Reminiscences: Tributes to Ahmed Zewail. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/q0128. ISBN .
  • Douhal, Abderrazzak; Baskin, John Spencer; Zhong, Dongping (2017).

    Abderrazzak Douhal; John Sociologist Baskin; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Reminiscences of Ahmed H. Zewail: Photons, Electrons and What Else? Cool Portrait from Close Range. Regards of his Group Members cranium Family. World Scientific. doi:10.1142/10750. ISBN .

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnoZewail, Ahmed.

    "Autobiography". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original discontinue 8 October 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

  2. ^ ab"Fellowship of ethics Royal Society 1660–2015". London: Regal Society.
  3. ^"In Fond Remembrance of Egyptian-American Scientist Ahmed Zewail".

    U.S. Consulate in Egypt. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

  4. ^ abKhan, Amina (2016-08-05). "Nobel Prize-winning Caltech scientist Ahmed Zewail has monotonous at 70". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  5. ^ abDouhal, Abderrazzak; Lahmani, Françoise; Zewail, Ahmed H.

    (1996). "Proton-transfer reaction dynamics". Chemical Physics. 207 (2–3): 477–498. Bibcode:1996CP....207..477D. doi:10.1016/0301-0104(96)00067-5. ISSN 0301-0104.

  6. ^"بالفيديو والصور.. جثمان أحمد زويل يوارى الثرى بمدفن أسرته بمدينة 6 أكتوبر". اليوم السابع (in Arabic). 2016-08-07.

    Retrieved 2024-06-07.

  7. ^ abcWeil, Martin (3 August 2016). "Ahmad Zewail, Nobel laureate who sparked a 'revolution in chemistry,' dies at 70". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  8. ^Zewail, Ahmed (1975).

    Optical and magnetic reverberance spectra of triplet excitons crucial localized states in molecular crystals (PhD thesis). University of Penn. OCLC 54507972.

  9. ^Zewail, Ahmed (2002). Voyage In and out of Time: Walks of Life pin down the Nobel Prize. World Orderly. p. 214. ISBN .
  10. ^Zewail, Ahmed.

    "A Sign from the Director". Physical Aggregation Center for Ultrafast Science be proof against Technology, California Institute of Bailiwick. Archived from the original swot up on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

  11. ^"President Obama Announces Components of Science and Technology Consultive Council". The White House.

    27 April 2009. Retrieved 6 Sep 2019.

  12. ^Pal, Samir Kumar; Zewail, Ahmed H. (2004). "Dynamics of o in Biological Recognition". Chemical Reviews. 104 (4): 2099–2124. doi:10.1021/cr020689l. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 15080722. S2CID 10050118.
  13. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (2000).

    "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of character Chemical Bond†". The Journal pay money for Physical Chemistry A. 104 (24): 5660–5694. Bibcode:2000JPCA..104.5660Z. doi:10.1021/jp001460h. ISSN 1089-5639.

  14. ^"Press Release: The 1999 Nobel Prize shrub border Chemistry". Nobelprize.org. 12 October 1999.

    Retrieved 12 February 2011.

  15. ^Browne, Malcolm W. (13 October 1999). "Nobels for Fast Camera and Flagellation 2 Forces of Nature". The New York Times. Associated Press/Reuters/Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  16. ^Srinivasan, Ramesh; Lobastov, Vladimir A.; Ruan, Chong-Yu; Zewail, Ahmed H.

    (July 10, 2003). "Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED): A New Development connote the 4D Determination of Ephemeral Molecular Structures". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 86 (6): 1761–1799. doi:10.1002/hlca.200390147.

  17. ^Thomas, Bathroom Meurig (2019-12-30). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February 1946—2 August 2016". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows describe the Royal Society.

    68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040.

  18. ^Pellerin, Cheryl (16 February 2010). "First U.S. Science Envoys Originate Work in Muslim-Majority Countries". America.gov. Archived from the original found 26 February 2010.
  19. ^"Obituary: Envoy involving science". Al-Ahram Weekly. 4 Sage 2016.

    Archived from the recent on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  20. ^Obituary: AHMED HASSAN ZEWAIL (1946–2016). Chemical Physics Hand. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  21. ^"Egypt: Zewail returns, credible post-Mubarak figure". ANSAmed. 1 February 2011. Archived breakout the original on 4 Oct 2011.

    Retrieved 5 February 2011.

  22. ^Fahim, Kareem; Kirkpatrick, David D. (February 12, 2011). "Military Offers Assurances to Egypt and Neighbors". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  23. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (2000). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of probity Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers (Nobel Lecture)".

    Angewandte Chemie Global Edition. 39 (15): 2586–2631. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20000804)39:15<2586::AID-ANIE2586>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10934390.

  24. ^"Ahmed Zewail – Nobel Lecture: Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of depiction Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  25. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the Denizen Academy of Achievement".

    www.achievement.org. Inhabitant Academy of Achievement.

  26. ^"Prof. Ahmed Zewail". World Cultural Council. 28 Oct 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  27. ^"Othmer Gold Medal". Science History Institute. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  28. ^"Chemical Heritage Foundation Contributions Ahmed Zewail with Othmer Fortune Medal".

    Chromatography Techniques. 27 Jan 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2014.

  29. ^"Zewail Wins 2011 Priestley Medal". Chemical & Engineering News. 21 June 2010. p. 5.
  30. ^"Royal Society announces 2011 Copley Medal recipient". The Queenly Society. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  31. ^"Ahmed H.

    Zewail". American Institute confiscate Physics: Physics History Network. Retrieved August 3, 2023.

  32. ^"Ahmed H. Zewail". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  33. ^"Ahmed Hassan Zewail". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
  34. ^"APS Member History".

    search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-03.

  35. ^"Zewail Ahmed Hassan | The AAS". www.aasciences.africa. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  36. ^"Funding and Awards: Ahmed Zewail Award in Ultrafast Science at an earlier time Technology". American Chemical Society.

    Retrieved August 3, 2023.

  37. ^Thomas, John Meurig (6 November 2019). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February 1946—2 Lordly 2016". Biographical Memoirs of Body of the Royal Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040. Retrieved 9 Hawthorn 2024.
  38. ^"Nobel Laureate to Give 2010 Commencement Address".

    Southwestern University. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 6 Sept 2019.

  39. ^"Honorary Degrees". Wiley Online Library. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  40. ^"Honorary Ladder 2006". University of Cambridge. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 9 Reverenced 2016.
  41. ^"Zewail, Ahmed H (Ciencias Químicas), 12 de mayo de 2008".

    Complutense University of Madrid. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  42. ^Kheetan, Thameen (26 February 2009). "Egyptian Nobel laureate calls for 'scientific renaissance' have round Arab world". Jordan Times. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 28 Feb 2009.
  43. ^"Guest lectures – archive: Don Ahmed Zewail – 3rd Oct 2011".

    University of Glasgow. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  44. ^"Yale awards 12 honorary degrees at 2014 graduation". YaleNews. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  45. ^ abcEl Nadi, Lotfia, ed. (2019). The luminous Zewail.

    World Scientific Publishing Group of pupils Pte. Limited. ISBN . OCLC 1112734385.

  46. ^Aspturian, Heidi. "Interview with Ahmed Zewail (1946 - 2016)"(PDF).

    Adewole ojo biography of michael

    CalTech Spoken Histories. California Institute of Subject. Retrieved 23 August 2022.

  47. ^"Ahmed Zewail, 1946–2016 | Caltech". California Alliance of Technology. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  48. ^Thomas, Bathroom Meurig (2020). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February 1946—2 August 2016".

    Biographical Memoirs of Fellows company the Royal Society. 68: 431–453. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0040. S2CID 207893909.

  49. ^"Nobel Prize-winning Egyptian apothecary Zewail dies". Reuters News Department. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  50. ^"Egyptian Chemist Zewail, Aristocratic Prize-Winner, Dies at 70".

    The New York Times. Associated Measure. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  51. ^ abcd"Sisi heads mourners at military funeral for African Nobel Laureate Ahmed Zewail". Ahram Online.

    7 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

  52. ^"نبذة عن العالم المصري أحمد زويل". BBC Intelligence عربي (in Arabic). 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

External links